{
  "@context": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/api/",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "attribution": "OnchainCasinoIndex — https://onchaincasinoindex.com",
  "generated": "2026-09-14T07:02:52.168Z",
  "disclosure": "Some outbound links on onchaincasinoindex.com are affiliate or sponsored links, and rows with \"featured\": true hold a sponsored placement on the home page. Every such link is visibly labelled \"Sponsored link\" and carries rel=\"sponsored nofollow\". Sponsored placement never affects a score, a rank, a badge or a cap: neither \"featured\" nor \"affiliate\" is read by the scoring code, so recomputing the totals in this file from seedScores and the grid reproduces the published ranking exactly. Scores are never for sale.",
  "disclaimer": "Every total in this file is a SEED score computed from the public grid. No operator here has been deposit-tested by us, and verifiedReserve / verifiedPayouts / auditUrl are null or empty for every row because we have verified nothing yet. 18+ only.",
  "grid": {
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "weights": {
      "payout": 25,
      "transparency": 25,
      "survival": 20,
      "freedom": 15,
      "value": 15
    },
    "caps": {
      "notDepositTested": 85,
      "custodialNoOnchainLogicTransparencyMax": 12,
      "darkSurvival": 0
    },
    "tiers": {
      "T0": {
        "label": "Unmeasured",
        "description": "Not yet placed on the ladder. We have no reading of how much of the stack, if any, touches a public chain."
      },
      "T1": {
        "label": "Fiat-first",
        "description": "Crypto is a payment method only. The operator is a conventional fiat house that happens to accept coins at the cashier."
      },
      "T2": {
        "label": "Crypto casino",
        "description": "Deposits and withdrawals happen on-chain, but the games are a black box. Provably-fair seed pairs may be published, but they are the operator's own records: accounts, game logic and the bankroll live on private servers, and no bet is verifiable from chain data."
      },
      "T3": {
        "label": "Hybrid",
        "description": "Crypto rails plus a genuine on-chain artefact — a public treasury or bankroll contract, or provably-fair originals anchored on-chain — while the games themselves still run mostly off-chain."
      },
      "T4": {
        "label": "Fully on-chain",
        "description": "Game logic, randomness (on-chain RNG or a VRF) and payout all execute in contracts on a public chain, played from a self-custodied wallet. Anyone can replay the outcome from chain data."
      }
    },
    "statuses": {
      "listed": {
        "label": "Listed",
        "description": "In the public index with a seed score. Not deposit-tested by us."
      },
      "watchlist": {
        "label": "Watchlist",
        "description": "Listed, but young, thin on public information, or changing fast. Treat the seed score as weaker than usual."
      },
      "tested": {
        "label": "Tested",
        "description": "We have completed a deposit, a withdrawal and a reconciliation. No operator holds this status yet."
      },
      "docs-only": {
        "label": "Docs only",
        "description": "Scored from public documentation alone because the product was not reachable from our vantage point."
      },
      "dark": {
        "label": "Dark",
        "description": "Closed, unreachable or no longer paying. Removed from the live ranking and kept in the graveyard."
      }
    },
    "updated": "2026-09-14"
  },
  "casinos": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "slug": "overtime-casino",
      "name": "Overtime",
      "url": "https://www.overtimemarkets.xyz",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/overtime-casino/",
      "chains": [
        "OP",
        "ARB",
        "BASE"
      ],
      "custody": "non-custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": false,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T4",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 18,
        "transparency": 23,
        "survival": 12,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Positions settle from smart contracts to a self-custodied wallet on Optimism, Arbitrum and Base, so there is no operator withdrawal queue to pass; we still hold no payout hashes.",
        "transparency": "The highest transparency in this seed grid: markets, settlement and the liquidity pool are public contracts on three L2s that anyone can query independently of the front end.",
        "survival": "Longest-running protocol in Band A with a live token and multi-chain deployment, but protocol revenue and liquidity still swing with crypto market cycles.",
        "freedom": "Wallet or social sign-in with no KYC step advertised; front-end geo-restrictions are possible and untested by us.",
        "value": "Token-denominated bets carry a performance fee and price risk alongside the market spread; no verified figures."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 18,
          "transparency": 23,
          "survival": 12,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 75,
        "total": 75,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Overtime is an on-chain betting protocol running on Optimism, Arbitrum and Base, where sports positions and its short-form casino games (such as hi-lo and speed markets) settle through smart contracts played from a self-custodied wallet or smart account. Its $OVER token carries both a return boost and a performance fee on token-denominated bets. Of everything in this index it is the easiest for an outsider to audit, because the markets and the liquidity pool are public contracts — but we have not made a bet, read the contracts line by line or confirmed any licence.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: 100% on-chain, non-custodial, contract-settled markets across three L2s. Verified by us: nothing — we have not queried the deployed contracts.",
        "We have not published contract addresses because we have not confirmed them ourselves.",
        "Licence: unknown. Overtime presents as a protocol, not a licensed operator; no licensing claim found.",
        "Founded year left null. The protocol's launch is commonly placed in 2021 but we did not confirm a date.",
        "Casino games are short-form originals; there is no live-dealer product."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Protocol, not an operator: there is no counterparty to complain to and no consumer-protection route.",
        "Smart-contract risk is the main failure mode; a bug in market or settlement logic can be unrecoverable.",
        "Liquidity-pool depth caps market sizes and can move payouts on large positions.",
        "Token-boosted bets add price exposure that has nothing to do with the outcome you picked."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "slug": "stake",
      "name": "Stake",
      "url": "https://stake.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/stake/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "LTC",
        "DOGE",
        "SOL",
        "TRX",
        "XRP",
        "BNB"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2017,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 21,
        "transparency": 14,
        "survival": 18,
        "freedom": 9,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "The largest and most-observed payout record in this index by volume and duration; the highest payout score we award without a deposit test, and still short of full marks because we hold no hashes.",
        "transparency": "Publishes provably-fair seed pairs and its originals' mechanics, but balances, bankroll and game servers are private — the code caps custodial T2 transparency at 12, which is where this lands.",
        "survival": "Operating since 2017 at very large scale with sports sponsorships and a diversified product; the strongest survival case here.",
        "freedom": "Extensive country blocks, risk-based identity checks and source-of-funds requests at higher volumes.",
        "value": "Deep catalogue, large VIP programme and competitive sports margins, against bonus terms we have not audited."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 21,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 18,
          "freedom": 9,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 73,
        "total": 71,
        "capsApplied": [
          "custodialTransparency:12"
        ],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Stake is the largest crypto-native casino and sportsbook in this index, operating since 2017 across a wide range of assets with in-house provably-fair originals, a full live-dealer floor and a major sportsbook. Crypto is the payment rail and there are public on-chain artefacts around the brand, but the bankroll, the accounts and the game logic are private — nothing about a bet is verifiable from chain data. It states a Curaçao licence; we do not publish licence numbers we have not checked, and we have not deposit-tested the site.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: provably-fair originals with published seeds, Curaçao licensing, instant crypto withdrawals. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Transparency is capped at 12 by the grid because Stake is custodial at tier T2 — the seed sub-score before the cap is 14.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based: checks are widely reported at higher volumes and in specific jurisdictions rather than universally at sign-up.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Custodial balances at very large scale: size is not the same as segregated player funds, and no reserve is published.",
        "Country blocks and mirror domains create a real risk of playing on an unofficial front end.",
        "Identity and source-of-funds requests commonly surface at withdrawal rather than deposit.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": true,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": true,
        "href": "https://stake.bet/?c=3641e4eca2"
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "slug": "winr-justbet",
      "name": "JustBet (WINR)",
      "url": "https://www.just.bet",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/winr-justbet/",
      "chains": [
        "ARB"
      ],
      "custody": "non-custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": false,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T4",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 17,
        "transparency": 22,
        "survival": 9,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 9
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Balances are described as sitting in an on-chain escrow on Arbitrum with an emergency Merkle-proof withdrawal path if the site goes offline, which is a stronger structural payout story than a house ledger — but untested by us.",
        "transparency": "The bankroll and settlement are presented as public Arbitrum contracts with cryptographic fairness proofs; we have not read the contracts or an audit, so it does not reach full marks.",
        "survival": "A single-chain protocol with a token whose value drives the bankroll; the model is young and exposed to token drawdowns.",
        "freedom": "Email or social sign-up with no KYC step advertised, though the account layer is more than pure wallet connect.",
        "value": "Play is denominated in the platform's own token, which adds price risk on top of house edge; no verified fee data."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 17,
          "transparency": 22,
          "survival": 9,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 9
        },
        "raw": 69,
        "total": 69,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, JustBet describes itself as a creator casino on Arbitrum: anyone can publish a game, balances are said to sit in an on-chain escrow contract rather than with the operator, and the site advertises an emergency Merkle-proof withdrawal if it ever goes offline. Play is denominated in the WINR token and the catalogue covers slots, table games, in-house originals and player-versus-player poker. We have not read the escrow contract, seen an audit report or run a withdrawal, so the score is a seed reading of a published architecture rather than a tested one.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: non-custodial on-chain escrow on Arbitrum, audited contracts, emergency Merkle withdrawal, provably fair. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "auditUrl left null: the site refers to an audited escrow but we did not obtain a report we could link.",
        "Licence: unknown. No licensing claim found on the site.",
        "Sportsbook and live dealer recorded false: neither appears in the current site description. Earlier WINR-ecosystem material referenced sports betting, which we could not confirm as live today.",
        "Founded year left null."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Betting in a platform token means a losing session and a falling token can compound.",
        "\"Audited\" is an operator claim until a report is public and matches the deployed addresses.",
        "Bankroll depth on a single L2 is opaque to players without contract-level reading.",
        "Creator-published games widen the surface for badly designed or hostile game logic."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "slug": "cloudbet",
      "name": "Cloudbet",
      "url": "https://www.cloudbet.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/cloudbet/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "BCH",
        "ETH",
        "LTC",
        "SOL",
        "TRX"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2013,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 19,
        "transparency": 12,
        "survival": 18,
        "freedom": 9,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "The longest continuous payout record in this index — operating since 2013 with high stated sports limits — and the second-highest payout seed score we award without a test.",
        "transparency": "A conventional custodial operator: the cashier is crypto, the bankroll and game logic are not observable. Sits at the custodial cap.",
        "survival": "Thirteen years of continuous operation through multiple crypto cycles is the strongest survival case here, alongside Stake.",
        "freedom": "Account-based with risk-based verification, source-of-funds checks at higher volumes and country restrictions.",
        "value": "Strong sports margins and high limits for large bettors; less generous than crypto-first rivals on casino promotions."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 19,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 18,
          "freedom": 9,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 68,
        "total": 68,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Cloudbet is the oldest operator in this index, running a bitcoin-first sportsbook and casino since 2013 with a live-dealer floor, in-house originals and high stated sports limits. Longevity is its case: it has paid through several complete crypto market cycles, which is what the survival criterion is meant to reward. Technically it is a conventional custodial house with a crypto cashier — no bet is verifiable on-chain. It states a Curaçao licence, unverified by us, and we have not deposit-tested the site.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, high sports limits, provably-fair originals, operating since 2013. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Founded 2013, which we are confident about from long-standing independent coverage.",
        "Transparency seed sub-score is 12, exactly at the custodial cap, so no cap is recorded as applied.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data — longevity is evidence, not a guarantee.",
        "Risk-based verification and source-of-funds requests at higher volumes.",
        "Country restrictions apply and have changed over the operator's lifetime.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "slug": "solpump",
      "name": "Solpump",
      "url": "https://solpump.io",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/solpump/",
      "chains": [
        "SOL"
      ],
      "custody": "non-custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": false,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T4",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 16,
        "transparency": 22,
        "survival": 7,
        "freedom": 13,
        "value": 9
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Settlement is claimed to run through Solana programs from a self-custodied wallet, which removes the usual withdrawal queue, but we hold no payout hashes and have run no deposit test.",
        "transparency": "The operator states every bet and payout runs on-chain with wallet-connect play and public fairness pages; high for a seed score, held below full marks because we have not read the programs ourselves.",
        "survival": "Announced in August 2025 with a short public record, a small game set and a token and DAO that had not launched at announcement.",
        "freedom": "Wallet connect with no account and no KYC step observed; geographic terms are not something we have tested.",
        "value": "Narrow catalogue (crash, coinflip, cases) and no fee, edge or rakeback figures we can verify."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 16,
          "transparency": 22,
          "survival": 7,
          "freedom": 13,
          "value": 9
        },
        "raw": 67,
        "total": 67,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Solpump presents itself as a decentralised Solana casino where play happens from a connected wallet (Phantom, Backpack and similar) and bets settle through on-chain programs rather than a house ledger. Its August 2025 launch announcement describes crash and coinflip as the first titles, with a $PUMP token and DAO described as future work rather than shipped features. We have not deposited, withdrawn, read the deployed programs or confirmed any licence, so the tier is a candidate reading of public claims and the score is a seed estimate.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed by the operator: fully on-chain settlement, wallet-connect play, no KYC. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "solpump.com redirects to solpump.io, which we treat as the official homepage.",
        "Licence: unknown. No licensing claim appears in the launch announcement and we found none.",
        "Founded year left null: the launch announcement is dated August 2025 but we have not confirmed an incorporation or first-bet date.",
        "Program addresses, audits and treasury wallets are not published in a form we could check, so no reserve reading is possible yet.",
        "Tier T4 is recorded as claimed, not confirmed: we have not read the deployed programs or established where the randomness comes from."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Very short operating history; on-chain settlement does not protect against the operator abandoning the front end.",
        "\"Fully on-chain\" is an operator claim. Neighbouring Solana casinos have described themselves this way while running randomness off-chain.",
        "No licence and no public entity means no complaints route if the site stops responding.",
        "Token and DAO language may create expectations of a future airdrop that never arrives."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "slug": "shuffle",
      "name": "Shuffle",
      "url": "https://shuffle.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/shuffle/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "TRX",
        "XRP"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2022,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 18,
        "transparency": 13,
        "survival": 14,
        "freedom": 10,
        "value": 12
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Large, active operator with a widely reported record of fast crypto withdrawals, discounted for the absence of any test or hash on our side.",
        "transparency": "Provably-fair originals and a token programme give some outside visibility; the bankroll and game logic remain private and the custodial T2 cap applies.",
        "survival": "Grew quickly from a 2022 start to significant scale, but a four-year record is much shorter than the older houses.",
        "freedom": "Crypto-first onboarding with risk-based checks and country restrictions.",
        "value": "Aggressive rakeback and loyalty economics are the brand's main pitch; we have not verified the effective rates."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 18,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 14,
          "freedom": 10,
          "value": 12
        },
        "raw": 67,
        "total": 66,
        "capsApplied": [
          "custodialTransparency:12"
        ],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Shuffle is one of the larger crypto casinos and sportsbooks to emerge in the current cycle, launched in 2022 and built around in-house originals, a live-dealer floor, sports markets and a loyalty and token programme. Like every major house in Band B it is custodial: crypto moves on public chains at the cashier, while accounts, bankroll and game logic sit on private infrastructure. It states a Curaçao licence, which we have not checked with the regulator, and we have not deposit-tested the site.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: no-KYC-by-default onboarding, Curaçao licence, provably-fair originals, token-based rewards. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based rather than none: reviews consistently describe checks triggered by volume or jurisdiction even where sign-up is light.",
        "Transparency seed sub-score is 13 before the custodial T2 cap brings it to 12.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Fast growth and heavy promotional spend are a survival risk, not just a marketing fact.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve.",
        "Token-linked rewards carry price risk separate from play.",
        "Country blocks can strand a funded balance if terms change."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": true,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": true,
        "href": "https://shuffle.com?r=PZTbPEbODr"
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "slug": "earnbet",
      "name": "EarnBet",
      "url": "https://earnbet.io",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/earnbet/",
      "chains": [
        "EOS",
        "BTC",
        "ETH"
      ],
      "custody": "hybrid",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": false,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T3",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 15,
        "transparency": 17,
        "survival": 11,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Advertises instant deposits and withdrawals and has a long-running dividend mechanic that depends on paying out, but we hold no hashes and did not test.",
        "transparency": "Grew out of an EOS dApp lineage with provably-fair originals and a public profit-sharing token, which is more outside visibility than a plain cashier, though today's stack is not one we could read end to end.",
        "survival": "One of the older names in on-chain gambling, which earns more than a new Solana site, but the EOS ecosystem it came from has shrunk badly.",
        "freedom": "No KYC advertised and account creation is light.",
        "value": "Profit-sharing token and a mid-sized originals catalogue; no verified edge figures."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 15,
          "transparency": 17,
          "survival": 11,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 65,
        "total": 65,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, EarnBet is a long-running crypto casino that grew out of the EOS dApp era and still markets itself on provably-fair originals, instant deposits and withdrawals, and a profit-sharing token. Its own site advertises support for more than a dozen currencies; we list only the assets we are confident about and leave the rest off rather than guess. We could not confirm how much of today's play settles on-chain versus on the operator's servers, and we have not deposited, so the tier and the score are provisional.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: provably fair, instant withdrawals, 14+ supported currencies, profit sharing. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Chains list is deliberately short. The site advertises more assets than the three we list; we did not confirm the full list, so we omitted the rest rather than invent them.",
        "Licence: unknown. No licensing claim confirmed.",
        "Founded year left null. The project's EOS-era lineage is widely reported but we did not confirm a date for the current entity.",
        "Live dealer: recorded as false because we saw no live-dealer offering, not because we confirmed its absence.",
        "Tier T3 with tierCandidate true: the project's on-chain lineage and profit-sharing token point at a fully on-chain claim, but we could not establish that today's games settle in contracts, so we record the lower tier until we can check."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Built on an ecosystem (EOS) whose liquidity and developer activity have declined sharply.",
        "Profit-sharing tokens tie a player's upside to house revenue and can fall with it.",
        "Custody model is mixed and not clearly documented; balances may sit with the operator between bets.",
        "No licence and no confirmed operating entity."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "slug": "bc-game",
      "name": "BC.GAME",
      "url": "https://bc.game",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/bc-game/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "BNB",
        "SOL",
        "TRX",
        "LTC",
        "DOGE",
        "XRP"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2017,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 16,
        "transparency": 12,
        "survival": 15,
        "freedom": 11,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Very large and long-running, but withdrawal-delay complaints have recurred often enough in public forums that we do not award the payout score its scale would otherwise suggest.",
        "transparency": "Publishes provably-fair seed pairs and runs an on-chain token, but those seeds are the operator's own records and the bankroll is private, so it stays a crypto casino rather than a hybrid; the custodial cap applies.",
        "survival": "Operating since 2017 at large scale with a diversified product and its own token economy.",
        "freedom": "Very wide asset support and light default onboarding, with checks at higher volumes.",
        "value": "One of the widest asset and game catalogues here, plus an aggressive bonus and token programme with terms we did not audit."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 16,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 15,
          "freedom": 11,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 65,
        "total": 65,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, BC.GAME is one of the largest and longest-running crypto casinos in this index, operating since 2017 with an unusually wide asset list, in-house provably-fair originals, live dealer, a sportsbook and its own token. It is custodial and crypto-native: on-chain artefacts exist around the brand, but no bet is verifiable from chain data. Public complaint threads about withdrawal friction have recurred over the years, which is reflected in the payout sub-score rather than in any claim about a specific case. It states a Curaçao licence, unverified by us.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, provably-fair originals, very wide multi-chain support, token rewards. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Payout sub-score reflects the general pattern of publicly reported withdrawal friction. We hold no specific case, amount or date and make no claim about one.",
        "Transparency seed sub-score is 12, which is exactly the custodial cap, so no cap is recorded as applied.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Recurring public reports of withdrawal and verification friction at larger amounts.",
        "Custodial balances at scale with no public reserve data.",
        "Token and bonus economics can tie withdrawals to wagering conditions.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "slug": "gamdom",
      "name": "Gamdom",
      "url": "https://gamdom.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/gamdom/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "LTC",
        "SOL",
        "TRX",
        "DOGE"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2016,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 17,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 15,
        "freedom": 10,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "A decade-long record with a large community and no pattern of systemic non-payment we found, discounted for the absence of a test on our side.",
        "transparency": "Conventional custodial stack with provably-fair originals; nothing on-chain beyond the cashier.",
        "survival": "Operating since 2016, through the skin-gambling era into crypto casino, with a stable brand.",
        "freedom": "Crypto-first onboarding with risk-based checks and country restrictions.",
        "value": "Long-standing rakeback and rewards programme plus a wide catalogue; terms unverified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 17,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 15,
          "freedom": 10,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 64,
        "total": 64,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Gamdom is a long-running crypto casino, operating since 2016, with in-house provably-fair originals, live-dealer tables, a sportsbook and a rakeback programme that predates most of the current cycle's brands. It is custodial with a crypto cashier and no on-chain game logic. It states a Curaçao licence, which we have not checked with the regulator, and we have not deposit-tested the site.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, provably-fair originals, instant crypto withdrawals, rakeback. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Founded 2016, which we are confident about from long-standing independent coverage.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based; we did not confirm thresholds."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "Verification requests commonly surface at withdrawal.",
        "Country restrictions apply and can change.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "slug": "coinpoker",
      "name": "CoinPoker",
      "url": "https://coinpoker.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/coinpoker/",
      "chains": [
        "ETH",
        "BNB",
        "POL",
        "TRX",
        "SOL",
        "BTC"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Anjouan (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T3",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": 2017,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 16,
        "transparency": 13,
        "survival": 13,
        "freedom": 10,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "A poker room's revenue is rake rather than player losses, which historically aligns with paying players out, but balances are custodial and we have tested nothing.",
        "transparency": "Hybrid tier: provably-fair shuffle material and a token with on-chain supply sit alongside tables, balances and rake that all run on private servers. Scored just above the plain crypto casinos and far below anything contract-settled.",
        "survival": "Among the oldest crypto-native rooms in this index with a continuously running player pool, which is the main thing keeping the score up.",
        "freedom": "Account-based with verification from registration onward and country restrictions; the least free model in Band A.",
        "value": "Rake structure and token rewards are competitive for a crypto room; we did not verify effective rake or rakeback."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 16,
          "transparency": 13,
          "survival": 13,
          "freedom": 10,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 63,
        "total": 63,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, CoinPoker is a crypto-native poker room, established in 2017, that has expanded into casino and sportsbook content around its core tables. Balances are custodial and verification starts at registration, so it is the most conventional operator in our Band A; we place it in the hybrid tier for its published fairness material and its on-chain CHP token, not because any hand is settled on-chain. The room states a licence from the Autonomous Island of Anjouan. We have not verified that with the regulator, tested a cashout or confirmed the full list of supported networks.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: provably fair shuffles, Anjouan licence, multi-chain deposits including ETH, BSC, Polygon, Tron and Solana. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number; we do not publish licence numbers we have not checked with the regulator.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based: email verification is required at registration and identity checks can follow, but we did not confirm the thresholds.",
        "Founded 2017, which we are confident about from multiple independent reviews of the room.",
        "Casino and sportsbook sections are third-party content wrapped around the poker product.",
        "At tier T3 the grid's custodial transparency cap does not apply, so CoinPoker's seed of 13 stands. That is a consequence of the cap rule as written (custodial AND tier T2 or below), not an exemption we granted."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Custodial balances: a poker bankroll left on site is an unsecured claim on the operator.",
        "Player-pool liquidity is the room's real asset and can thin out quickly.",
        "Bot and collusion pressure is a structural risk in any online poker room.",
        "Token-denominated rewards carry price risk separate from your results at the table."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "slug": "solpot",
      "name": "Solpot",
      "url": "https://solpot.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/solpot/",
      "chains": [
        "SOL"
      ],
      "custody": "non-custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": false,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T4",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "watchlist",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 15,
        "transparency": 19,
        "survival": 7,
        "freedom": 13,
        "value": 8
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Short-round PvP formats pay back into the connected wallet, which limits how long funds sit with the operator, but we hold no payout hashes.",
        "transparency": "Play is wallet-based with public round mechanics (jackpot rounds reset on a fixed timer) and the operator presents the platform as running on-chain, but we could not confirm how the draw itself is generated, so it scores below the T4 operators whose settlement path we can at least trace.",
        "survival": "Small Solana-native operator with a thin public record and no disclosed entity or bankroll.",
        "freedom": "No account, no KYC step and no deposit minimum we could find.",
        "value": "Three game formats and a wager leaderboard; no verified edge or fee figures."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 15,
          "transparency": 19,
          "survival": 7,
          "freedom": 13,
          "value": 8
        },
        "raw": 62,
        "total": 62,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Solpot is a Solana-native betting site built around player-versus-player coinflips, a recurring jackpot round and a free daily case, played from a connected wallet rather than a funded account. The operator presents it as a fully on-chain Solana platform, which is the tier we record, but we mark that tier as claimed rather than confirmed: we could not establish how the draw is generated or whether any part of it happens off-chain. Nothing here has been deposit-tested or reconciled by us.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: on-chain Solana platform, wallet play, no KYC. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Homepage: several lookalike domains exist (solpot.trade, solpotsolana.com). We list solpot.com, the domain third-party dapp listings give as official; this is our best reading rather than a confirmation from the operator.",
        "Licence: unknown. No licensing claim found.",
        "Founded year left null.",
        "Tier T4 is recorded as claimed, not confirmed: the randomness source is the specific thing we could not establish, and it is exactly what separates a fully on-chain casino from one that only settles on-chain.",
        "We keep Solpot on the watchlist rather than plain listed because of the official-domain uncertainty above, not because of anything we found about the product."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Lookalike domains are common around Solana casino brands; a wrong domain can drain a wallet.",
        "PvP formats depend on liquidity — thin rounds mean the house or a single large player dominates outcomes.",
        "No licence, no disclosed operator, no complaints route.",
        "Short track record; peers in this niche have closed inside a year."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "slug": "metawin",
      "name": "MetaWin",
      "url": "https://metawin.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/metawin/",
      "chains": [
        "ETH",
        "BTC",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "DOGE",
        "BNB",
        "XRP",
        "TRX"
      ],
      "custody": "hybrid",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Anjouan (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2022,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 17,
        "transparency": 12,
        "survival": 11,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Web3 wallet play shortens the custody window versus a pure account model and withdrawals are advertised straight back to the connected wallet; still untested by us.",
        "transparency": "Wallet-based play on Ethereum-based originals is more than a plain cashier offers, but the bankroll is private and we could not confirm the hybrid tier the operator's positioning implies, so we hold it at the same ceiling the custodial houses get rather than rewarding the funding model alone.",
        "survival": "Established 2022 at moderate scale; a shorter record than the large houses and a narrower revenue base.",
        "freedom": "Wallet sign-in with no verification below a stated withdrawal threshold, above which checks can apply.",
        "value": "Competitive originals and prize draws; bonus and threshold terms not verified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 17,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 11,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 62,
        "total": 62,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, MetaWin is a Web3-first casino established in 2022 that lets players connect an Ethereum-based wallet and play in-house originals, alongside a live-dealer floor, slots and a sportsbook. It supports both wallet-based and custodial funding, which is why we record custody as hybrid — and why the grid's custodial transparency cap does not apply to it. The site states an Anjouan licence and a verification threshold on larger withdrawals; we do not publish the licence number and have not confirmed the threshold or the licence with the regulator.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Web3 wallet play, KYC-free below a stated withdrawal threshold, Anjouan licence, 25+ provably-fair in-house originals. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number; we do not publish licence numbers we have not checked.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based because verification is tied to a withdrawal threshold rather than being absent or universal. We did not confirm the threshold.",
        "Custody recorded as hybrid: both Web3 wallet and custodial wallet funding are offered. Because custody is not \"custodial\", the grid's cap rule does not fire — so we set the transparency seed at 12 by hand, the same ceiling the cap would impose. Hybrid funding should not be a way around the cap.",
        "Tier T2 with tierCandidate true: the operator's Web3 positioning points at the hybrid tier, but we found no public bankroll or on-chain-anchored originals, so we record the lower tier until we can check.",
        "Founded 2022 per the operator's own \"established\" claim, repeated in independent reviews."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "\"Non-custodial\" applies to how you fund, not to the bankroll behind the games.",
        "Anjouan licensing offers limited practical recourse.",
        "Verification thresholds can move, and they bite at withdrawal rather than deposit.",
        "Moderate scale in a market dominated by much larger houses."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "slug": "rollbit",
      "name": "Rollbit",
      "url": "https://rollbit.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/rollbit/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "TRX"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2020,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 17,
        "transparency": 13,
        "survival": 14,
        "freedom": 9,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Established operator with an active player base and no systemic non-payment pattern we found; discounted for no test and for the added complexity of its leveraged-trading products.",
        "transparency": "Runs an on-chain token with published buy-back mechanics, which is real outside visibility, but a token is not a public bankroll: the casino treasury and game logic stay private, so it remains a crypto casino and the custodial cap applies.",
        "survival": "Operating since 2020 at meaningful scale, with revenue tied partly to crypto trading volume — durable so far, cyclical by construction.",
        "freedom": "Country restrictions are extensive and geo-blocking is actively enforced; the site is unreachable from several regions.",
        "value": "Distinctive product mix (casino plus leveraged crypto futures and NFT features) with token-linked rewards; effective value unverified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 17,
          "transparency": 12,
          "survival": 14,
          "freedom": 9,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 63,
        "total": 62,
        "capsApplied": [
          "custodialTransparency:12"
        ],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Rollbit is a crypto casino and sportsbook that also runs leveraged crypto trading products, operating since 2020 with its own token and published buy-back mechanics. Those on-chain artefacts are visible, but they are a token rather than a public bankroll, so the casino stays in the crypto-casino tier: it is custodial and its game logic is private. Access is geo-restricted and the site returns a legal-block response from some regions, including ours at the time of writing. It states a Curaçao licence, unverified by us.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, provably-fair originals, on-chain token with buy-backs. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Homepage confirmed to resolve, but it returned an HTTP 451 (unavailable for legal reasons) from our vantage point, so we could not read the live site.",
        "Transparency seed sub-score is 13 before the custodial T2 cap brings it to 12.",
        "Founded 2020, which we are confident about from long-standing independent coverage."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Leveraged trading sits alongside casino balances in the same account; losses can compound across products.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "Geo-blocking is enforced and can strand funded accounts.",
        "Token buy-back mechanics depend on house revenue continuing at current levels."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "slug": "roobet",
      "name": "Roobet",
      "url": "https://roobet.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/roobet/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "LTC",
        "SOL",
        "DOGE"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": 2019,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 17,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 15,
        "freedom": 8,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Long-running house with an established cashout record and sponsorship-backed visibility, discounted for the compliance friction players report and for our lack of a test.",
        "transparency": "Conventional custodial stack with provably-fair originals; nothing about the bankroll or game logic is observable on-chain.",
        "survival": "Operating since 2019 through several market cycles with mainstream sports sponsorships — one of the stronger survival cases in Band B.",
        "freedom": "The most restrictive posture in this index: extensive geo-blocking and identity checks reported well below the thresholds of its peers.",
        "value": "Solid catalogue and promotions, offset by tighter limits and restrictions than crypto-first rivals."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 17,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 15,
          "freedom": 8,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 61,
        "total": 61,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Roobet is an established crypto casino operating since 2019, with in-house originals, live-dealer tables, a sportsbook and mainstream sports sponsorships. It runs the most compliance-forward posture of the large crypto houses we list: geographic restrictions are extensive and identity verification is reported at comparatively low thresholds. That trades freedom for durability, which is how the seed sub-scores are weighted here. It states a Curaçao licence, unverified by us, and we have not deposit-tested the site.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, provably-fair originals, fast crypto withdrawals. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based rather than mandatory: verification is widely reported but we did not confirm that it applies to every account at sign-up.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list.",
        "Founded 2019, which we are confident about from multiple independent sources."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Geographic restrictions are broad and enforced; VPN use risks account closure and forfeited balances.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "Verification requests commonly surface at withdrawal.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "slug": "dexsport",
      "name": "Dexsport",
      "url": "https://dexsport.io",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/dexsport/",
      "chains": [
        "ETH",
        "BNB",
        "POL",
        "AVAX",
        "TRX",
        "BTC",
        "TON"
      ],
      "custody": "hybrid",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "Anjouan (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": false,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T3",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 14,
        "transparency": 13,
        "survival": 10,
        "freedom": 13,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Wallet-connect deposits shorten the custody window, but the casino catalogue is provider-supplied and payouts run through the operator's cashier like any other house.",
        "transparency": "Hybrid tier: wallet-connect play, a named licensing claim and public docs give more outside visibility than a plain crypto casino, but no game logic and no bankroll are readable on-chain, so it stays well under the fully on-chain operators.",
        "survival": "Several years of continuous operation and a broad multi-chain cashier, against a small brand with no disclosed financials.",
        "freedom": "Explicit no-KYC positioning with wallet, email or Telegram sign-up and a wide asset list.",
        "value": "Large third-party catalogue and many supported assets; terms and effective fees are not something we verified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 14,
          "transparency": 13,
          "survival": 10,
          "freedom": 13,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 60,
        "total": 60,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Dexsport is a Web3-branded sportsbook and casino that lets players connect a wallet instead of opening a verified account, and advertises a wide multi-chain cashier covering dozens of assets and networks. The casino floor is largely licensed third-party content — slots, table games and live dealer — rather than on-chain game logic, which is why we place it in the hybrid tier rather than calling it a fully on-chain casino. The site states a licence from the Autonomous Island of Anjouan; we have not verified that with the regulator, and we deliberately do not publish licence numbers we have not checked.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: no KYC, wallet-connect deposits, 37+ currencies across 20+ networks, Anjouan licence. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of what the operator advertises; we did not confirm the full network list.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number. We have not confirmed status with the regulator.",
        "originalsPF recorded false: the catalogue is dominated by third-party providers and we could not confirm a house-run provably-fair originals suite.",
        "Founded year left null."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "\"Decentralised\" branding sits on top of a conventional operator cashier and third-party game servers.",
        "An Anjouan licence offers limited practical recourse compared with a European regulator.",
        "Wallet-connect sign-in does not make balances non-custodial once funds are in the site cashier.",
        "No public reserve or bankroll data of any kind."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "slug": "duel",
      "name": "Duel",
      "url": "https://duel.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/duel/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "TRX",
        "XRP"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 15,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 9,
        "freedom": 13,
        "value": 12
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "No-KYC positioning removes the most common cause of blocked withdrawals, but the brand is young, the operator is undisclosed and we have tested nothing.",
        "transparency": "A conventional crypto cashier with provably-fair originals; no on-chain bankroll, no confirmed licence and no disclosed entity.",
        "survival": "The shortest record among the larger Band B names, with no public financials and no confirmed licensing position.",
        "freedom": "Explicit no-KYC positioning with high stated limits is the brand's main selling point — the highest freedom score in Band B.",
        "value": "Very low stated house edge on originals and large wager races; the figures are operator claims we did not test."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 15,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 9,
          "freedom": 13,
          "value": 12
        },
        "raw": 60,
        "total": 60,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Duel is a no-KYC crypto casino built around low-house-edge in-house originals, large wager races and light onboarding. It is custodial with a crypto cashier — the freedom it offers is about identity checks, not about self-custody or on-chain settlement. We could not confirm a licensing position or an operating entity, so both are recorded as unknown, and we deliberately do not repeat the RTP or house-edge figures the site advertises as if they were verified.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed by the operator and review sites: no KYC, very low house edge on originals, large wager races. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence: unknown. We found no licensing claim we could attribute to a regulator.",
        "We do not publish the advertised RTP or house-edge percentages anywhere in this index; they are operator marketing until independently measured.",
        "Sportsbook recorded false: we saw no sportsbook product and did not confirm one either way.",
        "Tier T2 with tierCandidate true: the brand's low-house-edge originals are presented as verifiable, but we found no public bankroll or on-chain-anchored game logic, so we record the lower tier until we can check.",
        "Founded year left null."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "No confirmed licence and no disclosed operator: nothing to appeal to if a balance is frozen.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "No-KYC brands are the most exposed to abrupt policy reversals when payment or regulatory pressure arrives.",
        "Short operating history."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "slug": "rainbet",
      "name": "Rainbet",
      "url": "https://rainbet.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/rainbet/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "TRX",
        "DOGE"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Curaçao (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 16,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 11,
        "freedom": 11,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Active mid-sized house with a visible player base and no widespread non-payment reporting we found, but a short record and nothing tested.",
        "transparency": "A crypto cashier with provably-fair originals and no on-chain bankroll or logic; below the cap on its own merits rather than because of it.",
        "survival": "A newer brand at moderate scale with no disclosed financials and a crowded competitive set.",
        "freedom": "Light crypto onboarding with risk-based verification and country restrictions.",
        "value": "Standard originals plus a broad provider catalogue and rakeback; terms unverified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 16,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 11,
          "freedom": 11,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 60,
        "total": 60,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Rainbet is a mid-sized crypto casino and sportsbook with in-house originals, live-dealer tables and a third-party slot catalogue, positioned around fast crypto cashouts and rakeback. It is a conventional custodial operator with a crypto cashier: deposits and withdrawals touch public chains, everything else does not. It states a Curaçao licence, which we have not checked, and we could not confirm a founding date we would be willing to publish.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed: Curaçao licence, instant crypto withdrawals, provably-fair originals. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as free text without a number.",
        "Founded year left null: commonly reported as 2023 but we did not find a source we trust enough to assert it.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based; we did not confirm thresholds."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Short operating history relative to the survival weight in our grid.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "Heavy affiliate and streamer marketing makes independent signal hard to separate from paid coverage.",
        "Curaçao licensing offers limited practical recourse."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "slug": "yeet",
      "name": "Yeet",
      "url": "https://yeet.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/yeet/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "TRX",
        "XRP",
        "BNB",
        "TON",
        "DOGE"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "Anjouan (claimed)",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": false,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 15,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 9,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 11
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Crypto cashier with deposits and withdrawals in the operator's own ledger; public reports describe fast crypto payouts and we hold no payout hash and have run no deposit test, so the sub-score reads as an unproven mid-band rather than a finding.",
        "transparency": "A named operating entity and a stated licence jurisdiction put it above the houses that publish neither, but the games are third-party and off-chain and the bankroll is not readable, so the custodial-T2 ceiling of 12 of 25 applies and we stay under it.",
        "survival": "Roughly two years of visible operation, still expanding its catalogue, competing for the same players as houses ten times its age: longer than the newest brand here, far shorter than the established ones.",
        "freedom": "No routine identity check is reported for ordinary play, with verification described as triggered by large withdrawals and VIP tiers; balances still sit with the operator and country restrictions apply.",
        "value": "Broad third-party catalogue plus in-house originals and live tables, with rakeback and VIP rewards presented as the main draw; the rates are operator claims we have not verified, and there is no sportsbook yet."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 15,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 9,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 11
        },
        "raw": 58,
        "total": 58,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Yeet is a custodial crypto casino with a multi-chain cashier, in-house originals alongside a large third-party catalogue, and live dealer tables. Public reviews describe an Anjouan licence claim and an operating company, no routine identity check for ordinary play, and verification triggered by large withdrawals or VIP status; a sportsbook is advertised as coming rather than live. Nothing about the operation is on-chain in a form an outsider can replay, and we have not deposited, withdrawn or read a treasury address, so the tier is a desk reading and the total is a seed estimate.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed by the operator and by third-party reviews: Anjouan licence, fast crypto withdrawals, no routine KYC for ordinary play, high rakeback and VIP rewards. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as \"Anjouan (claimed)\". We do not publish licence numbers we have not confirmed with the regulator.",
        "Founded year left null: public reviews give 2024 and 2025 for the launch and we could not settle which is right.",
        "Sportsbook recorded as absent: the sports tab is described as coming soon rather than live, so we score the catalogue that exists today.",
        "Rakeback and VIP percentages circulating in reviews are not repeated anywhere in this index as facts.",
        "Custodial with no on-chain game logic, so the transparency cap of 12 of 25 applies whatever the site publishes."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Balances are held by the operator; there is no public reserve address to read and no proof of solvency.",
        "Anjouan is a light-touch jurisdiction: a claimed licence there is not a meaningful complaints route.",
        "Short operating history in a sector where young crypto casinos close often and without notice.",
        "Generous-sounding rakeback and VIP terms are acquisition costs that have to be funded somewhere."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": true,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": true,
        "href": "https://yeet.com/register?aff=YEETAFFI"
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "slug": "solcasino",
      "name": "Sol Casino",
      "url": "https://solcasino.io",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/solcasino/",
      "chains": [
        "SOL",
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "BNB",
        "TRX",
        "TON",
        "XRP"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": true,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "A",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 14,
        "transparency": 11,
        "survival": 10,
        "freedom": 11,
        "value": 10
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "Solana-first cashier settles deposits quickly, but withdrawals go through an operator queue and third-party reviews report identity checks appearing at the cashout step.",
        "transparency": "A conventional operator with a crypto cashier: no on-chain game logic, no public bankroll, and a licensing position we could not confirm.",
        "survival": "Operating since late 2021 with a broad catalogue, which beats the newest Solana entrants without approaching the large houses.",
        "freedom": "Low-friction crypto onboarding and a wide asset list, tempered by conditional verification and VPN restrictions.",
        "value": "Wide provider catalogue plus in-house originals; bonus terms and effective value not verified."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 14,
          "transparency": 11,
          "survival": 10,
          "freedom": 11,
          "value": 10
        },
        "raw": 56,
        "total": 56,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Sol Casino is a Solana-first crypto casino with a broad multi-asset cashier and a catalogue built mainly from third-party providers alongside in-house original games, live dealer tables and a sportsbook. It sits in our Band A because of its Solana-native cashier rather than any on-chain game logic — nothing about a bet here is verifiable from chain data. Third-party reviews place its launch in December 2021 and mention a Tobique licence; we could not confirm the licensing position ourselves and record it as unknown.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed by third-party reviews: launch in December 2021, Tobique Gaming Commission licence, 15+ supported assets. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence recorded as \"unknown\": the only sources we found were review sites, not the regulator, so we do not assert it.",
        "Founded year left null despite a widely repeated December 2021 date, because our only sources were affiliate-style reviews.",
        "Chains list is a conservative subset of the advertised asset list.",
        "KYC recorded as risk-based: reviews describe checks that can appear at withdrawal rather than a mandatory upfront process.",
        "Tier T2 with tierCandidate true: the Solana-native positioning implies more on-chain machinery than we could find, so we record the lower tier until we can check."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "Reports of verification and VPN-related friction appearing at the cashout stage rather than at sign-up.",
        "Licensing position unconfirmed, so the complaints route is unclear.",
        "Brand-name collisions with other \"Sol Casino\" properties make it easy to land on the wrong domain."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "slug": "thrill",
      "name": "Thrill",
      "url": "https://thrill.com",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/casinos/thrill/",
      "chains": [
        "BTC",
        "ETH",
        "SOL",
        "LTC",
        "TRX",
        "XRP"
      ],
      "custody": "custodial",
      "kyc": "risk-based",
      "license": "unknown",
      "originalsPF": true,
      "liveDealer": true,
      "sportsbook": true,
      "onchainTier": "T2",
      "tierCandidate": false,
      "status": "listed",
      "band": "B",
      "founded": null,
      "depositTested": false,
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 14,
        "transparency": 10,
        "survival": 8,
        "freedom": 11,
        "value": 12
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "The newest brand in Band B: no established payout record either way, so the sub-score reflects uncertainty rather than a negative finding.",
        "transparency": "A conventional crypto cashier with an unconfirmed licensing position and no disclosed entity — the least outside visibility in this index among live operators.",
        "survival": "The shortest record here, competing for the same players as much larger houses; the lowest survival score among live operators.",
        "freedom": "Light crypto onboarding with risk-based checks and country restrictions.",
        "value": "High advertised rakeback is the brand's main pitch; the rates are operator claims we did not verify."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 14,
          "transparency": 10,
          "survival": 8,
          "freedom": 11,
          "value": 12
        },
        "raw": 55,
        "total": 55,
        "capsApplied": [],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "SEED"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Thrill is one of the newer crypto casinos in this index, marketed around high rakeback, a broad third-party catalogue, in-house originals, live dealer and sports markets. It is a conventional custodial operator with a crypto cashier. We could not confirm its licensing position or operating entity, and it has the shortest public record of anything we list live, so its seed score is low mainly because there is little to score rather than because of anything we found against it.",
      "notes": [
        "Claimed by the operator and review sites: up to 70% rakeback, no strict limits, fast crypto payouts. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Licence: unknown. We found no licensing claim we could attribute to a regulator.",
        "We do not repeat the advertised rakeback percentage as a fact anywhere in this index.",
        "Founded year left null.",
        "Low scores here reflect thin public evidence, not a finding of misconduct."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "No confirmed licence and no disclosed operator.",
        "Very short operating history; new crypto casinos have a high closure rate.",
        "Custodial balances with no public reserve data.",
        "High advertised rakeback is a customer-acquisition cost that has to be funded from somewhere."
      ],
      "verifiedReserve": null,
      "verifiedPayouts": [],
      "auditUrl": null,
      "featured": false,
      "affiliate": {
        "enabled": false,
        "href": null
      }
    }
  ],
  "graveyard": [
    {
      "slug": "luck-io",
      "name": "Luck.io",
      "url": "https://luck.io",
      "page": "https://onchaincasinoindex.com/graveyard/",
      "chains": [
        "SOL"
      ],
      "custody": "non-custodial",
      "kyc": "none",
      "license": "unknown",
      "onchainTier": "T4",
      "lastKnownTier": "T4",
      "status": "dark",
      "band": "A",
      "diedAt": "2026-04",
      "cause": "Shut down in April 2026 per industry reports, after roughly a year of operation. Players were told to withdraw their funds.",
      "sources": [
        "industry reports (brief)"
      ],
      "lessons": [
        "\"Fully on-chain\" is a claim until someone reads the programs. Settlement can be on-chain while the randomness that decides the outcome is not.",
        "A one-year-old casino has no survival record, whatever its marketing budget suggests. That is why survival carries 20 points in our grid and why dark operators score zero on it.",
        "Non-custodial play protects a wallet, not a business. When the operator stops, the product stops with it.",
        "An orderly wind-down with a withdrawal notice is the best case for a closing casino, not the normal case."
      ],
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-14",
      "seedScores": {
        "payout": 10,
        "transparency": 15,
        "survival": 6,
        "freedom": 12,
        "value": 8
      },
      "seedRationale": {
        "payout": "It told players to withdraw before closing rather than going silent, which is better than the worst outcome, but a closed operator cannot be counted on to pay and we hold no evidence that everyone got out.",
        "transparency": "A wallet-based Solana casino with contract settlement had real outside visibility while it ran, which is why this is the one sub-score that stays mid-range — though its \"fully on-chain\" framing was later disputed.",
        "survival": "Zero by the grid: a dark operator scores nothing on survival. The pre-cap seed value of 6 reflects a roughly one-year run.",
        "freedom": "Wallet login with no KYC and no account, which was the product's main draw.",
        "value": "A small game set funded by very heavy marketing spend; nothing here we can verify as durable value."
      },
      "score": {
        "subs": {
          "payout": 10,
          "transparency": 15,
          "survival": 0,
          "freedom": 12,
          "value": 8
        },
        "raw": 51,
        "total": 45,
        "capsApplied": [
          "dark:survival=0"
        ],
        "provisional": true,
        "badge": "DARK"
      },
      "summary": "As of September 2026, Luck.io is closed. It was a Solana casino, marketed as fully on-chain and non-custodial, that ran for roughly a year before shutting down in April 2026 per industry reports, telling players to withdraw their funds. Reporting after the announcement questioned the \"fully on-chain\" framing — the settlement contracts were on Solana but randomness was described as coming from an off-chain source — and attributed the closure to unsustainable spending. We hold none of the underlying figures ourselves and reproduce none of them as verified. We list it here because a graveyard is the only honest counterweight to a survival score.",
      "notes": [
        "Shut down April 2026 per industry reports (as stated in our source brief and consistent with contemporaneous coverage).",
        "Claimed while operating: fully on-chain, non-custodial, no KYC. Verified by us: nothing.",
        "Post-closure reporting disputed the \"fully on-chain\" claim, describing off-chain randomness behind on-chain settlement. We record that as a reported dispute, not as a finding of ours.",
        "Last known tier T4 is recorded as claimed, not confirmed. It is the tier the operator marketed, and it is precisely the claim the post-closure reporting above called into question.",
        "We do not publish the wager volumes or marketing-spend figures that circulated in coverage of the closure; we did not verify them.",
        "Licence: unknown. Founded year: null. The homepage is retained for the record and may not resolve."
      ],
      "risks": [
        "The site is closed. Do not send funds to it or to anything presenting itself as its successor.",
        "Domains of dead casinos are frequently re-registered and used for phishing.",
        "If you still hold a balance there, treat it as lost unless the operator provides a verifiable recovery path."
      ]
    }
  ]
}